List of highest-grossing films
Films generate income from several revenue streams including public exhibition in theaters, home video, television broadcast rights and merchandising. However, theatrical box office earnings are the primary metric for trade publications (such as Variety and Box Office Mojo) in assessing the success of a film, mostly due to the availability of the data compared to sales figures for home video and broadcast rights, and also due to historical practice. Included on the list are a chart of the top box-office earners, a chart of high-grossing films by calendar year, a timeline showing the transition of the highest-grossing film record, and a chart of the highest-grossing film franchises and series. All charts are ranked by international theatrical box office performance where possible, excluding income derived from home video, broadcasting rights and merchandise.
Franchise films have been the best performers in the 21st century, with films from the Harry Potter, Lord of the Rings and Pirates of the Caribbean series dominating the top end of the list. Since Superman (1978) there has been new interest in the superhero genre; Batman from DC Comics has been the most successful exponent of the genre, with films based on the Marvel Comics brand such as Spider-Man, X-Men and Iron Man all doing particularly well. The only films in the top ten that do not form a franchise are the top two, Avatar and Titanic, both directed by James Cameron, and the 2010 adaptation of Alice in Wonderland. Animated family films have performed consistently well, with Disney films enjoying lucrative re-releases prior to the home video era. Disney enjoyed later success with its Pixar brand, of which the Toy Story films have been the best performers; beyond Pixar animation, the Shrek and Ice Age series have met with the most success.
While inflation has eroded away the achievements of most films from the 1960s and 1970s, there are franchises originating from that period that are still active: James Bond films are still being released periodically, and the Star Wars saga was reprised after a lengthy hiatus; Indiana Jones also saw a successful comeback after lying dormant for nearly twenty years. All three are still among the highest-grossing franchises, despite starting over thirty years ago. Some of the older films that held the record of highest-grossing film still have respectable grosses even by today's standards, but do not really compete against today's top-earners: Gone with the Wind for instance—which was the highest-grossing film for 25 years—does not even make the top fifty in the modern market, but at contemporary prices it would still be the highest-grossing film. Due to the lack of available data, it is not possible to provide a list that would adequately place the achievements of these older films into an appropriate context, so all grosses on the list are expressed in US dollars at their nominal value.
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Issues with calculation
Due to the long-term effects of inflation, notably the significant increase of movie theater ticket prices, the list unadjusted for inflation gives far more weight to later films.[1] The unadjusted list, while commonly found in the press, is therefore largely meaningless for comparing films widely separated in time, as many films from earlier eras will never appear on a modern unadjusted list, despite achieving higher commercial success when adjusted for price increases.[2] To compensate for the devaluation of the currency, some charts make adjustments for inflation, but not even this practise fully addresses the issue since ticket prices and inflation do not necessarily parallel one another. For example, in 1970 tickets cost $1.55 or about $6.68 in inflation-adjusted 2004 dollars; by 1980, prices had risen to about $2.69, a drop to $5.50 in inflation-adjusted 2004 dollars.[3] Ticket prices have also risen at different rates of inflation around the world, further complicating the process of adjusting worldwide grosses.[1]
Another complication is release in multiple formats for which different ticket prices are charged. One notable example of this phenomenon is Avatar, which was also released in 3D and IMAX: almost two-thirds of tickets for that film were for 3D showings with an average price of $10, and about one-sixth were for IMAX showings with an average price over $14.50, compared to a 2010 average price of $7.61 for 2D films.[4] Social and economic factors such as population change[5] and the growth of international markets[6][7][8] also impact on the number of people purchasing theater tickets, along with audience demographics where some films sell a much higher proportion of discounted children's tickets, or perform better in big cities where tickets cost more.[2]
The measuring system for gauging a film's success is based on unadjusted grosses, mainly because historically this is the way it has always been done due to the practices of the film industry: the box office receipts are compiled by theaters and relayed to the distributor, which in turn releases them to the media.[9] Converting to a more representative system that counts ticket sales rather than gross is also fraught with problems due to the fact that the only data available for older films are the sale totals.[5] As the motion picture industry is highly oriented towards marketing currently released films, unadjusted figures are always used in marketing campaigns so that new blockbuster films can much more easily achieve a high sales ranking, and thus be promoted as a "top film of all time",[3] so there is little incentive to switch to a more economically robust system from a marketing or even newsworthy point of view.[9] Even if all of these complications could be overcome, any system that is purely based on measuring theatrical performance is still inherently flawed in that it does not take account of home entertainment revenue.[2]
Highest-grossing films
Avatar is the highest-grossing film in nominal terms, with a global gross of almost $2.8 billion, and eleven films have grossed in excess of $1 billion. Adjusted for inflation, Gone with the Wind—first released in 1939—is generally believed to be the most successful film. In 2007, owner Turner Entertainment estimated its adjusted global gross at $3.3 billion;[10] other estimates fall either side of this amount, with one putting its gross just under $3 billion in 2010,[11] while Guinness World Records puts the figure at about $5.3 billion.[12] Titanic is its nearest rival with worldwide earnings of nearly $2.9 billion at 2010 prices, while the original 1977 Star Wars has earned approximately $2.2–2.6 billion. At 2010/11 price levels, no other film has crossed the $2 billion threshold, with both Jaws and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial just falling short.[11][13]
The films on this chart have all had a theatrical run since 1993, and films that were released before then do not appear in the chart due to ticket-price inflation, population size and ticket purchasing trends not being considered. The most represented year is 2009, with seven films.
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Background shading indicates films playing in the week commencing 30 March 2012 in theaters around the world.
Background shading indicates films playing in the week commencing 30 March 2012 in theaters around the world.High-grossing films by year
Due to release schedules—especially in the case of films released towards the end of the year—and different release patterns across the world, many films can do business in two or more calendar years; therefore the grosses documented here are not confined to just the year of release. Grosses are not limited to original theatrical runs either, with many older films often being re-released periodically so the figures represent all the business a film has done since its original release; a film's first-run gross is included in brackets after the total if known. In the cases where estimates conflict both films are recorded, and in cases where a film has moved into first place due to being re-released the previous record-holder is also retained. Due to incomplete data it cannot be known for sure how much money some films have made and when they made it, but generally the chart chronicles the films from each year that went on to earn the most.
Steven Spielberg is the most represented director with six films to his credit, occupying the top spot in 1975, 1981, 1982, 1984, 1989 and 1993. William Wyler (1942, 1946, 1959 and 1968) and Cecil B. DeMille (1947, 1949, 1952 and 1956) are in second place each with four films, while Frank Lloyd (1924, 1933 and 1935), George Roy Hill (1966, 1969 and 1973) and James Cameron (1991, 1997 and 2009) all feature heavily with three films apiece. The following directors have all directed two films on the chart: D. W. Griffith, King Vidor, Frank Capra, Victor Fleming, Jack Conway, Alfred Hitchcock, Leo McCarey, Mervyn LeRoy, David Lean, Stanley Kubrick, Robert Wise, Guy Hamilton, Mike Nichols, Peter Jackson and Gore Verbinski. George Lucas directed two chart-toppers in 1977 and 1999, but also served in a strong creative capacity as a producer and writer in 1980, 1981, 1983, 1984 and 1989 as well. Disney films are usually co-directed and some directors have served on several winning teams: Wilfred Jackson, Hamilton Luske, Clyde Geronimi, Wolfgang Reitherman, David Hand, Ben Sharpsteen and Bill Roberts have all co-directed at least two films on the list. Only five directors have topped the chart in consecutive years: McCarey (1944 and 1945), Nichols (1966 and 1967), Spielberg (1981 and 1982), Jackson (2002 and 2003) and Verbinski (2006 and 2007).
Every highest-grossing film of the year since 1918 has earned a million dollars in gross rental, and since 1949 every chart-topper has taken over $10 million in rentals. At least one film every year has generated $100 million in gross revenue at the box office since 1967, and from 2008 each year has succeeded in producing a billion dollar grossing film.
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Background shading indicates films playing in the week commencing 30 March 2012 in theaters around the world.
( ... ) Since grosses are not limited to original theatrical runs, a film's first-run gross is included in brackets after the total if known.
* Canada and U.S. gross only.
R Gross rental. The 'rentals' are the distributor's share of the film's theatrical revenue i.e. the box office gross less the exhibitor's cut.[18] In the case of older films it was standard practice to report the rentals instead of the box office gross. Historically, the rental price averaged at 35–40% when the distributors owned the theater chains, equating to just over a third of the gross being paid to the distributor of the film.[19] After the studios were compelled to sell their theaters following the Hollywood Anti-trust Case of 1948 the rental fees were steadily increased, and in the modern marketplace they average out at about 40–60%.[20]
TBA To be ascertained.
SW The 'first run' Star Wars grosses do not include revenue from the 1997 special edition releases; however, the figure does include revenue from the re-releases prior to the special editions.
HP Production costs were shared with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1.
Timeline of highest-grossing films
At least ten films have held the record of 'highest-grossing film'. The Birth of a Nation and Gone with the Wind spent 25 consecutive years apiece as the highest-grosser, with Steven Spielberg holding the record on three occasions and James Cameron—the current holder—twice. Spielberg became the first director to break his own record when Jurassic Park overtook E.T., and Cameron emulated the feat when Avatar broke the record set by Titanic.
Some sources claim that The Big Parade superseded The Birth of a Nation as highest-grossing film, eventually being replaced by Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, which in turn was quickly usurped by Gone with the Wind.[21] As of 1932, Variety still had The Birth of a Nation ($10,000,000) ahead of The Big Parade ($6,400,000) on gross rentals,[22] and even though exact figures are not known, it is unlikely The Birth of a Nation was ever overtaken by a silent-era film.[23] If the estimate for The Birth of a Nation is correct, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs ($8,500,000)[24] would not have earned enough on its first theatrical run to take the record, although it would have been the highest-grossing talkie.[25] In any case, if The Birth of a Nation earned significantly less than its estimated gross, the record would fall to Ben-Hur (1925), which grossed $9,386,000 in rentals on its original theatrical run.[26] In addition to its gross rentals earned through public exhibition, The Birth of a Nation played at a large number of private, club and organizational engagements which are not accounted for by its rental gross.[27] It was hugely popular with the Ku Klux Klan who used it to drive recruitment,[28] and in total it is estimated to have earned at least $50–60 million by the 1950s.[29] While it is generally accepted that Gone with the Wind took over the record of highest-grossing film on its initial release—which is true in terms of public exhibition—it is likely it did not overtake The Birth of a Nation in total revenue until a much later date, with it still being reported as the highest earner up until the 1960s.[27]
Another film purported to have been the highest-grosser is the 1972 pornographic film, Deep Throat. In 1984, Linda Lovelace testified to a United States Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on juvenile justice that the film had earned $600 million;[30] this figure has been the subject of much speculation, since if it is accurate then the film would have made more money than Star Wars, and finished the 1970s as the highest-grossing film. The main argument against this figure is that it simply did not have a wide enough release to sustain the sort of sums that would be required for it to ultimately gross this amount.[31] Exact figures are not known, but testimony in a federal trial in 1976—about four years into the film's release—showed the film had grossed over $25 million.[32] Roger Ebert has reasoned it possibly did earn this much on paper, since mobsters owned most of the adult movie theaters during this period and would launder income from drugs and prostitution through them, so probably inflated the box office receipts for the film.[33]
Gone with the Wind, Star Wars, E.T. and Avatar all added to their record grosses with reissues. Their grosses from their original theatrical runs are included here along with totals from re-releases up to the point that they lost the record; therefore the total for E.T. incorporates revenue from the 1985 reissue but not from 2002; the total for Star Wars includes revenue from the late 1970s and early 1980s reissues but not from the 1997 Special Edition; the total for Avatar—as the current record-holder—includes all its income at the present time. Gone with the Wind is represented twice on the chart: the 1940 entry includes its gross from its initial theatrical run along with all its revenue up to its 1961 reissue (before it lost the record to The Sound of Music in 1966), and its 1971 entry—after it took back the record—includes income from the 1967 and 1971 reissues along with its earlier grosses, omitting later reissues. The Godfather was re-released in 1973 after its success at the 45th Academy Awards, and Jaws was reissued in 1976, and their grosses here most likely include earnings from those releases; similarly, The Birth of a Nation was re-released a couple of times prior to 1932, so it is not clear if Variety's 1932 figure includes revenue from just the original theatrical run or all releases up to that point. The Sound of Music increased its gross with a further release in 1973, but it is not included in its total here since it had already conceded the record prior to being re-released. Jurassic Park and Titanic have each had just one theatrical run, so their totals represent their full earnings.
The Sound of Music was the first film to earn $100 million in rentals, but Gone with the Wind would have been the first to generate $100 million in box office receipts through its reissues, while Titanic was the first $1 billion grossing film.
| Established | Title | Record setting gross | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1915[21] | The Birth of a Nation | $10,000,000R | [# 51] |
| 1940[10] | Gone with the Wind | $32,000,000R | [# 89] |
| 1961 | $75,000,000R ‡ | [# 201] | |
| 1966[21] | The Sound of Music | $112,481,000R | [# 151] |
| 1971[21] | Gone with the Wind | $114,000,000R ‡ | [# 202] |
| 1972[21] | The Godfather | $145,000,000R | [# 171] |
| 1975[21] | Jaws | $400,000,000 ($193,700,000)R |
[# 180] |
| 1978[34][35] | Star Wars | $410,000,000 | [# 203] |
| 1982 | $530,000,000 ‡ | [# 182] | |
| 1983[21] | E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial | $619,000,000 | [# 182] |
| 1985 | $701,000,000 ‡ | [# 204] | |
| 1993[21] | Jurassic Park | $914,691,118 | [# 20] |
| 1998[36] | Titanic | $1,843,201,268 | [# 2] |
| 2010[37][38] | Avatar | $2,749,064,328 | [# 1] |
| $2,782,275,172 ‡ |
R Gross rental.
Includes revenue from re-releases.
YYYY If a film increased its gross through re-releases while holding the record, the year in which it recorded its highest gross is also noted in italics.
Highest-grossing franchises and film series
Prior to 2000, only seven franchises had grossed over $1 billion at the box office: James Bond,[39] Star Wars,[40] Indiana Jones,[41] Rocky,[42][43][44] Batman,[45] Jurassic Park[46] and Star Trek.[47] Since the turn of the century that number has increased to over thirty franchises;[48] this is partly due to inflation and market growth, but also to Hollywood's adoption of the franchise model: films that have built-in brand recognition, such as being based on a well known literary source (The Lord of the Rings) or an established character (Indiana Jones). The methodology is based on the idea that films associated with things audiences are already familiar with can be more effectively marketed to them, and as such are known as "pre-sold" films within the industry.[13] The Harry Potter series has grossed the most, amassing nearly $8 billion over eight films at the box office, although the EON James Bond series is the highest grossing when adjusted for inflation, with a total of over $12 billion at 2011 prices.[13] Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings trilogy is the most consistent series, averaging at about $970 million per film with each film earning in excess of $870 million.
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Background shading indicates that at least one film in the series is playing in the week commencing 30 March 2012 in theaters around the world.
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- ^ Washington (AP) (September 13, 1984). "'Deep Throat' star against pornography". The Free Lance–Star: p. 12.
- ^ Hiltzik, Michael (February 24, 2005). "'Deep Throat' Numbers Just Don't Add Up". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2005/feb/24/business/fi-golden24. Retrieved February 2, 2012.
- ^ Memphis (UPI) (May 1, 1976). "'Deep Throat' Defendant Found Guilty of Conspiring". The Palm Beach Post: p. A2.
- ^ Ebert, Roger (February 11, 2005). "Inside Deep Throat". rogerebert.com. Chicago Sun-Times. http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050210/REVIEWS/50128001. Retrieved February 2, 2012.
- ^ New York (AP) (May 26, 1978). "Scariness of Jaws 2 unknown quantity". The StarPhoenix: p. 21.
- ^ Fenner, Pat C. (January 16, 1978). "Independent Action". Evening Independent: p. 11-A.
- ^ "Titanic sinks competitors without a trace". BBC News (BBC). February 25, 1998. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/59913.stm. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
- ^ Cieply, Michael (January 26, 2010). "He Doth Surpass Himself: ‘Avatar’ Outperforms ‘Titanic’". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/27/movies/awardsseason/27record.html. Retrieved January 27, 2010.
- ^ Segers, Frank (January 25, 2010). "'Avatar' breaks 'Titanic' worldwide record". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/avatar-breaks-titanic-worldwide-record-19914. Retrieved December 4, 2010.
- ^ "Box Office History for James Bond Movies". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/series/JamesBond.php. Retrieved January 4, 2012.
- ^ "Box Office History for Star Wars Movies". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/series/StarWars.php. Retrieved January 4, 2012.
- ^ "Indiana Jones – Worldwide (Unadjusted)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=indianajones.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- ^ Anderson, Dave (November 16, 2003). "Bayonne Bleeder Throws a Punch at the Italian Stallion". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/16/sports/othersports/16ANDE.html. Retrieved January 4, 2012.
- ^ Schneiderman, R. M. (August 10, 2006). "Stallone Settles With The 'Real' Rocky". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2006/08/10/rocky-stallone-settlement-cx_rs_0810autofacescan04.html. Retrieved January 4, 2012.
- ^ Poller, Kenneth G. (November 12, 2003). "Charles Wepner v. Sylvester Stallone" (PDF). Mango & Iacoviello. http://www.mandilaw.com/files/complaint.pdf. Retrieved January 4, 2012.
- ^ "Batman – Worldwide (Unadjusted) & Batman: Mask of the Phantasm". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=batman.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- ^ "Jurassic Park – Worldwide (Unadjusted)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=jurassicpark.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- ^ "Box Office History for Star Trek Movies". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/series/StarTrek.php. Retrieved January 4, 2012.
- ^ "Movie Franchises". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/series/franchisesW.php. Retrieved September 24, 2011.
- Box-office sources
- ^ a b c Avatar
- Total: "Avatar (2009)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=avatar.htm. Retrieved January 10, 2012. "$2,782,275,172"
- Special edition: "Avatar (Special Edition)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=avatarspecialedition.htm. Retrieved January 10, 2012. "North America:$10,741,486; Overseas: $22,469,358"
- ^ a b c "Titanic (1997)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm. Retrieved November 7, 2009.
- ^ a b "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2 (2011)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=harrypotter72.htm. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
- ^ "Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011)". Box Office Mojo. http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=transformers3.htm. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
- ^ a b The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
- Total: "The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=returnoftheking.htm. Retrieved March 4, 2012. "$1,119,929,521"
- Re-release (2011): "The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2011 re-release)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=rotk2011.htm. Retrieved March 4, 2012. "North America:$818,580"
- ^ a b "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=piratesofthecaribbean2.htm. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
- ^ a b "Toy Story 3 (2010)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=toystory3.htm. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
- ^ "Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides". Box Office Mojo. http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=piratesofthecaribbean4.htm. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
- ^ a b Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace
- Total: "Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace (1999)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=starwars.htm. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
- 3D release: "Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace (in 3D)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=starwars3d.htm. Retrieved March 2, 2012.
- ^ "Alice in Wonderland (2010)". Box Office Mojo. http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=aliceinwonderland10.htm. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
- ^ a b The Dark Knight
- Total and overseas: "The Dark Knight (2008)". Box Office Mojo. http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=darkknight.htm. Retrieved December 25, 2009. "Total: $1,001,921,825; Overseas: $468,576,467"
- Original North American run: "The Dark Knight (2008) – Daily". Box Office Mojo. http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=darkknight.htm. Retrieved December 25, 2009. "Gross as of January 22, 2009: $531,039,412"
- Release info: "The Dark Knight". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2008/BATM2.php. Retrieved August 26, 2011. "Released: January 23, 2009 (re-release)"
- ^ a b "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=harrypotter.htm. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
- ^ a b "Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (2007)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=piratesofthecaribbean3.htm. Retrieved June 15, 2011.
- ^ "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 1 (2010)". Box Office Mojo. http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=harrypotter7.htm. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
- ^ a b The Lion King
- Total: "The Lion King (1994)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lionking.htm. Retrieved November 20, 2011. "$951,583,777"
- IMAX release: "The Lion King (IMAX)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lionkingimax.htm. Retrieved February 10, 2012. "North America:$15,686,215"
- 3D release: "The Lion King (in 3D)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lionking3d.htm. Retrieved February 10, 2012. "North America:$94,242,001; Overseas: $74,300,000"
- ^ "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2793007)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=harrypotter5.htm. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
- ^ "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=harrypotter6.htm. Retrieved May 5, 2010.
- ^ a b The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
- Total: "The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=twotowers.htm. Retrieved March 4, 2012. "$926,047,111"
- Re-release (2003): "The Two Towers (Re-issue)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=twotowers03.htm. Retrieved March 4, 2012. "North America:$1,996,877; Overseas:$1,505,170"
- Re-release (2011): "The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2011 re-release)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=twotowers03.htm. Retrieved March 4, 2012. "North America:$764,607"
- ^ a b "Shrek 2 (2002)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=shrek2.htm. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
- ^ a b c "Jurassic Park (1993)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=jurassicpark.htm. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
- ^ a b "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=harrypotter4.htm. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
- ^ "Spider-Man 3 (2007)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=spiderman3.htm. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
- ^ "Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs (2009)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=iceage3.htm. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
- ^ "Harry Potter and Chamber of Secrets (2002)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=harrypotter2.htm. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
- ^ "The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=fellowshipofthering.htm. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
- ^ "Finding Nemo (2003)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=findingnemo.htm. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
- ^ "Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith (2005)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=starwars3.htm. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
- ^ "Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=transformers2.htm. Retrieved October 15, 2009.
- ^ "Inception (2010)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=inception.htm. Retrieved October 31, 2010.
- ^ "Spider-Man (2002)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=spiderman.htm. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
- ^ a b "Independence Day (1996)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=independenceday.htm. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
- ^ "Shrek the Third (2007)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=shrek3.htm. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
- ^ "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=harrypotter3.htm. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
- ^ a b "E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial (1982)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=et.htm. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
- ^ "Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=indianajones4.htm. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
- ^ "Spider-Man 2 (2004)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=spiderman2.htm. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
- ^ a b "Star Wars (1977)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=starwars4.htm. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
- ^ "2012 (2009)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=2012.htm. Retrieved February 3, 2010.
- ^ "The Da Vinci Code (2006)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=davincicode.htm. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
- ^ "Shrek Forever After (2010)". Box Office Mojo. http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=shrek4.htm. Retrieved September 14, 2010.
- ^ "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=narnia.htm. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
- ^ "The Matrix Reloaded (2003)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=matrixreloaded.htm. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
- ^ "Up (2009)". Box Office Mojo. http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=up.htm. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
- ^ "The Twilight Saga: New Moon (2009)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=newmoon.htm. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
- ^ "Transformers (2007)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=transformers06.htm. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
- ^ "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn Part 1 (2011)". Box Office Mojo. http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=breakingdawn.htm. Retrieved February 25, 2012.
- ^ "The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (2010)". Box Office Mojo. http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=eclipse.htm. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
- ^ "Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=mi4.htm. Retrieved March 28, 2012.
- ^ "Forrest Gump (1994)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=forrestgump.htm. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
- ^ "The Sixth Sense (1999)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=sixthsense.htm. Retrieved December 25, 2009.
- ^ a b Rucker, Walter C.; Upton, James N., eds. (2007). Encyclopedia of American race riots. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-313-33301-9. "...earning more than $10 million at the box office in 1915. By 1949, it had earned $50 million"
- ^ Lang, Robert, ed. (1994). The Birth of a nation: D.W. Griffith, director. Rutgers University Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-8135-2027-8.
- ^ "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1916/020LU.php. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
- ^ "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1916) – Notes". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/5894/20-000-Leagues-Under-the-Sea/notes.html. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
- ^ Coons, Robin (June 30, 1939). "Hollywood Chatter". The Daytona Beach News-Journal: p. 6.
- ^ Shipman, David (1970). The great movie stars: the golden years. Crown Publishing Group. p. 98.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Biggest Money Pictures". Variety: p. 1. June 21, 1932. Cited in "Biggest Money Pictures". Cinemaweb. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. http://web.archive.org/web/20110708155503/http://www.cinemaweb.com/silentfilm/bookshelf/7_v_32_4.htm. Retrieved July 14, 2011.
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- ^ Quin, Eleanor. "The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1921) – Articles". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/3234/The-Four-Horsemen-of-the-Apocalypse/articles.html. Retrieved January 15, 2012.
- ^ Brownlow, Kevin (1968). The parade's gone by .... University of California Press. p. 255. ISBN 978-0-520-03068-8.
- ^ a b "Business: Film Exports". Time. July 6, 1925. Archived from the original on November 5, 2010. http://web.archive.org/web/20101105030518/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,728553,00.html. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ May, Richard P. (Fall 2005), "Restoring The Big Parade", The Moving Image 5 (2): 140–146, doi:10.1353/mov.2005.0033, ISSN 1532-3978, "...earning somewhere between $18 and $22 million, depending on the figures consulted"
- ^ Hall & Neale 2010, The Big Parade at Google Books
- ^ Hall & Neale 2010, p. 163 (Online copy at Google Books)
- ^ "Alamo (sic) of the South Seas". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1926/0AOSS.php. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
- ^ Miller, Frank. "For Heaven's Sake (1926) – Articles". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/410794/For-Heaven-s-Sake/articles.html. Retrieved January 15, 2012.
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- ^ Bradley, Edwin M. (1996). The First Hollywood Musicals: A Critical Filmography of 171 Features, 1927 Through 1932. McFarland & Company. pp. 10–12.
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- ^ "Tom Sawyer". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1930/0TOMS.php. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
- ^ Feaster, Felicia. "All Quiet on the Western Front (1930) – Articles". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/67079/All-Quiet-on-the-Western-Front/articles.html. Retrieved January 15, 2012.
- ^ Feaster, Felicia. "Frankenstein (1931)". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/373967%7C18617/Frankenstein.html. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- ^ "City Lights (1931) – Notes". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/324720/City-Lights/notes.html. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
- ^ Baxter, John (2010). Von Sternberg. University Press of Kentucky. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-8131-2601-2.
- ^ "King Kong (1933) – Notes". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/2690/King-Kong/notes.html. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
- ^ "Cavalcade (1933) – Notes". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/70523/Cavalcade/notes.html. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
- ^ "I'm No Angel (1933) – Notes". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/79021/I-m-No-Angel/notes.html. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
- ^ "It Happened One Night". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1934/0THNN.php. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
- ^ "Viva Villa!". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1934/00297.php. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
- ^ Toole, Michael. "Mutiny on the Bounty (1935) – Articles". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/15288/Mutiny-on-the-Bounty/articles.html. Retrieved January 15, 2012.
- ^ "Top Hat (1935)". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/2293/Top-Hat/notes.html. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
- ^ "How to Become (sic) a Detective". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1936/0HTBD.php. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
- ^ Turk, Edward Baron (1998). Hollywood Diva: A Biography of Jeanette MacDonald. University of California Press.
- ^ "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1931) – Notes". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/90631/Snow-White-and-the-Seven-Dwarfs/notes.html. Retrieved July 9, 2011. "Modern sources add that as of 1987, the picture had grossed $330,000,000"
- ^ "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1937/0SWSD.php. Retrieved July 5, 2011. "1993 release: $41,316,184"
- ^ "You Can't Take It With You". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1938/0YCWY.php. Retrieved July 13, 2011.
- ^ "Alexander's Ragtime Band (1938) – Notes". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/66978/Alexander-s-Ragtime-Band/notes.html. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
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- ^ "Cinema: G With the W". Time: p. 2. December 25, 1939. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,762137,00.html. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
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- ^ Barrier, Michael (2003). Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 602. ISBN 0-19-516729-5.
- ^ "Boom Town". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1940/0BMTW.php. Retrieved January 8, 2012.
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- ^ "Sergeant York (1941) – Notes". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/1386/Sergeant-York/notes.html. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
- ^ "Bambi". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1942/0BAMB.php. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
- ^ "Bambi (1942) – Notes". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/68039/Bambi/notes.html. Retrieved July 9, 2011. "Modern sources report that the film, which cost over $2,000,000 to produce, did not turn a profit during its initial release, largely because the European market was inaccessible during World War II"
- ^ Reid 2006, p. 26 (Online copy at Google Books)
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- ^ Reid 2006, p. 30 (Online copy at Google Books)
- ^ "Song of the South". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1946/0SOTS.php. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
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- ^ "Hollywood Pioneer, David Griffith, Dies". Sun Journal: p. 11. July 24, 1948.
- ^ "The Best Years of Our Lives (1946) – Notes". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/68507/The-Best-Years-of-Our-Lives/notes.html. Retrieved January 8, 2012. "US:$11.3 million; UK:$8 million"
- ^ "The Best Years of Our Lives". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1946/0BEYE.php. Retrieved January 8, 2012.
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- ^ "Forever Amber". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1947/0FOAM.php. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
- ^ Hall & Neale 2010, (note 6.56) Online copy at Google Books
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- ^ Arnold, Jeremy. "King Solomon's Mines (1950) – Articles". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/3254/King-Solomon-s-Mines/articles.html. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
- ^ Hall & Neale 2010, p. 139 (Online copy at Google Books)
- ^ Reid, John (2006). Films Famous, Fanciful, Frolicsome & Fantastic. Lulu. pp. 165–166. ISBN 978-1-4116-8915-2.
- ^ "The Greatest Show on Earth (1946) – Notes". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/4608/The-Greatest-Show-on-Earth/notes.html. Retrieved January 8, 2012.
- ^ "Peter Pan (1953) – Notes". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/86554/Peter-Pan/notes.html. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
- ^ "The Robe (1953) – Notes". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/88469/The-Robe/notes.html. Retrieved January 10, 2011.
- ^ Arnold, Jeremy. "White Christmas (1954) – Articles". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/95631/White-Christmas/articles.html. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
- ^ "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1954/020LE.php. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
- ^ Miller, John M. "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954) – Articles". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/20642/20-000-Leagues-Under-the-Sea/articles.html. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
- ^ "Lady and the Tramp". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1955/0LDTR.php. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
- ^ "Lady and the Tramp (1955) – Notes". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/80607/Lady-and-the-Tramp/notes.html. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
- ^ "Mister Roberts". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1955/00219.php. Retrieved January 10, 2011.
- ^ "The Ten Commandments (1956) – Notes". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/92507/The-Ten-Commandments/notes.html. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
- ^ Nixon, Rob. "The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) – Articles". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/69690/The-Bridge-on-the-River-Kwai/articles.html. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
- ^ Miller, Frank. "South Pacific (1958) – Articles". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/90961/South-Pacific/articles.html. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ "Ben-Hur (1959) – Notes". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/415095/Ben-Hur/notes.html. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
- ^ "Spartacus". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1960/0SCUS.php. Retrieved August 10, 2011.
- ^ Nixon, Rob. "Psycho (1960) – Articles". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/24944/Psycho/articles.html. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
- ^ "Swiss Family Robinson". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1960/0SWFR.php. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
- ^ Passafiume, Andrea. "Swiss Family Robinson (1960) – Articles". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/25093/Swiss-Family-Robinson/articles.html. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
- ^ "101 Dalmatians (1961)". Box Office Mojo. http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=101dalmations.htm. Retrieved August 11, 2011.
- ^ "One Hundred and One Dalmatians". Variety. December 31, 1960. http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117793715. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
- ^ "West Side Story". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1961/0WSSY.php. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
- ^ "Lawrence of Arabia". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1962/0LWRN.php. Retrieved August 15, 2011.
- ^ "From Russia With Love". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1964/0FRLW.php. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
- ^ "Goldfinger". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1964/0GOFI.php. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
- ^ "Mary Poppins". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1964/0MAPO.php. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
- ^ "The Sound of Music". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1965/0SOMU.php. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
- ^ a b Thomas, Bob (November 23, 1969). "'Sound of Music' Sound Finance". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette: p. 22.
- ^ "The Bible". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1966/0BBLE.php. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
- ^ "Hawaii". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1966/0HWII.php. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ^ "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1966/0WAVW.php. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ^ Landazuri, Margarita. "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966) – Articles". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/95743/Who-s-Afraid-of-Virginia-Woolf-/articles.html. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
- ^ "The Jungle Book (1967)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=junglebook.htm. Retrieved August 11, 2011.
- ^ "The Jungle Book". Variety. December 31, 1966. http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117792229. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
- ^ "The Graduate". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1967/0GRAD.php. Retrieved March 17, 2012.
- ^ Nixon, Rob. "The Graduate (1967) – Articles". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/18530/The-Graduate/articles.html. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
- ^ Miller, Frank. "2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) – Articles". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/628/2001-A-Space-Odyssey/articles.html. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
- ^ Haber, Joyces (March 27, 1969). "'Funny Girl' a Box Office Winner". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 29, 2012. http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&tbs=ar%3A1&tbm=nws&q=%22funny+girl%22+%22%2480+to+%24100%22+million+worldwide. Retrieved March 29, 2012. "..."Funny Girl" will gross an estimated $80 to $100 million worldwide."
- ^ Welles, Chris (September 7, 1970). "Behind the Silence at Columbia Pictures—No Moguls, No Minions, Just Profits". New York (New York Media) 3 (36): pp. 42–47.
- ^ "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1969/0BCSK.php. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
- ^ "'Love Story' II: Ryan Redux?". New York (New York Media) 9: p. 389. 1976. "Bring those handkerchiefs out of retirement. ... After all, the first movie made around $80 million worldwide. (Online copy at Google Search)"
- ^ "Love Story". Variety. December 31, 1969. http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117792794. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
- ^ "Diamonds Are Forever". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1971/0DAFE.php. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
- ^ "Billy Jack". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1971/0BJAC.php. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
- ^ Hall & Neale 2010, p. 196 (Online copy at Google Books)
- ^ "Fiddler on the Roof". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1971/0FOTR.php. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
- ^ "The Godfather". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1972/0GDFT.php. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
- ^ a b Weiler, A. H. (April 14, 1975). "Evans Quits as Executive at Paramount". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 30, 2012. http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&tbs=ar%3A1&tbm=nws&q=the+godfather+rentals+%24145+million+evans. Retrieved January 27, 2012. "Robert Evans, executive vice president in charge of worldwide production for ... " The Godfather," with $145-million In film rentals to Paramount"
- ^ "The Godfather (1972) – Notes". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/443184/The-Godfather/notes.html. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
- ^ "The Exorcist". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1973/0XRCS.php. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
- ^ Hall & Neale 2010, The Exorcist at Google Books
- ^ New York (New York Media) 8, 1975, "...Jaws should outstrip another MCA hit, The Sting, which had world-wide revenues of $115 million. (See Online copy at Google Books)"
- ^ "The Sting". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1973/0STNG.php. Retrieved March 26, 2012.
- ^ The Towering Inferno
- Hall & Neale 2010, The Towering Inferno at Google Books; North America:$48,650,000; Overseas:$40,000,000 (gross rentals)
- Brooks, Mel (2004). "My Movies: The Collisions of Art and Money". In Squire, Jason E. The movie business book (3 ed.). Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9780743219372. "To their credit, Blazing saddles, opened wide in June to tremendous business around the country. It's done over $80 million in rentals worldwide in 1974 dollars. (Online copy at Google Books)"
- ^ "The Towering Inferno". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1974/0TWRN.php. Retrieved August 28, 2011.
- ^ "Jaws". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1975/0JWS.php. Retrieved August 31, 2011.
- ^ a b Kilday, Gregg (July 5, 1977). "Director of 'Jaws II' Abandons His 'Ship'". The Victoria Advocate: p. 6B.
- ^ "Rocky". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1976/0RKY1.php. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
- ^ a b c d Wuntch, Philip (July 19, 1985). "Return of E.T.". The Dallas Morning News. Archived from the original on March 6, 2012. http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&tbs=cdr%3A1%2Ccd_max%3A1990&tbm=nws&q=e.t.+gross+%24619+million. Retrieved March 6, 2012. "Its worldwide box-office gross was $619 million, toppling the record of $530 million set by Star Wars."
- ^ "Grease". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1978/GREAS.php. Retrieved September 6, 2011.
- ^ Kramer vs. Kramer
- Prince, Stephen (2002). A New Pot of Gold: Hollywood Under the Electronic Rainbow, 1980-1989. University of California Press. p. 7. ISBN 9780520232662. "$94 million worldwide"
- Chapman, James (2007). Licence to thrill: a cultural history of the James Bond films. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 9781845115159. "These figures were surpassed by Moonraker, which earned total worldwide rentals of $87.7 million, of which $33 million came from North America. (Online copy at Google Books)"
- ^ The Empire Strikes Back
- Total: "The Empire Strikes Back (1980)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=starwars5.htm. Retrieved January 10, 2012. "$538,375,067"
- Special edition: "The Empire Strikes Back (Special Edition)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=starwars5se.htm. Retrieved January 10, 2012. "North America:$67,597,694; Overseas: $57,214,766"
- ^ "Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=raidersofthelostark.htm. Retrieved January 29, 2012. "Total: $384,140,454; North America: $209,562,121 (original run); Overseas: $141,766,000"
- ^ Return of the Jedi
- Total: "Return of the Jedi (1983)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=starwars6.htm. Retrieved January 10, 2012. "$475,106,177"
- Special edition: "Return of the Jedi (Special Edition)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=starwars6se.htm. Retrieved January 10, 2012. "North America:$45,470,437; Overseas: $43,790,543"
- ^ "Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1984/0NDN2.php. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
- ^ "Back to the Future". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1985/0BCK1.php. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
- ^ "Top Gun". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1986/0TGUN.php. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
- ^ Fatal Atraction
- "Fatal Attraction". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1987/0FAAT.php. Retrieved October 11, 2011. "Worldwide:$320,100,000"
- Green, Tom (January 31, 1989). "Selleck: A new `Alibi,' lullaby;Career proceeds at magnum speed". USA Today. Archived from the original on January 31, 2012. http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&biw=1024&bih=607&tbs=ar%3A1&tbm=nws&q=%22three+men+and+a+baby%22+worldwide+%24238+million. Retrieved January 31, 2012. "Since Three Men and a Baby became a megahit ($238 million worldwide) and Magnum, PI retired to top ratings last spring, he can hardly catch his breath."
- ^ "Rain Man". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1988/0RNMN.php. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
- ^ "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1989/0NDN3.php. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
- ^ "Ghost". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1990/0GHOS.php. Retrieved July 11, 2011.
- ^ "Terminator 2: Judgment Day". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1991/0TRM2.php. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
- ^ "Aladdin". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1992/0LDDN.php. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
- ^ "Die Hard: With a Vengeance". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1995/0DH3.php. Retrieved October 17, 2011.
- ^ "Armageddon". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1998/ARMAG.php. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
- ^ "Mission: Impossible II". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=mi2.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- ^ Patten, D. (December 3, 2009). "'Avatar's' True Cost – and Consequences". The Wrap. Archived from the original on December 16, 2009. http://www.webcitation.org/5m4EySibe. Retrieved December 12, 2009.
- ^ Bacon, James (September 14, 1961). "Gone With Wind biggest grosser". Leader-Post: p. 4.
- ^ Thomas, Bob (August 3, 1972). "The Godfather Rides Again". The Gazette, Montreal: p. 23.
- ^ Harmetz, Aljean (May 18, 1980). "The Saga Beyond 'Star Wars'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 31, 2012. http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&biw=1024&bih=607&tbs=cdr%3A1%2Ccd_min%3A1%2F1%2F1978%2Ccd_max%3A1981&tbm=nws&q=%22star+wars%22++%24410+million. Retrieved January 30, 2012. ""Star Wars" grossed $410 million, and his share was enough to allow him to finance its sequel, "The Empire Strikes Back," himself."
- ^ "Jurassic Park (1993) – Miscellaneous notes". Turner Classic Movies. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/80025/Jurassic-Park/misc-notes.html. Retrieved July 9, 2011.
-
- Hall, Sheldon; Neale, Stephen (2010). Epics, spectacles, and blockbusters: a Hollywood history. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8143-3008-1.
- Reid, John Howard (2006). Success in the Cinema: Money-Making Movies and Critics' Choices. Lulu. ISBN 978-1-84728-088-6.
- § Franchise and series sources
- "Franchise Index". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/. Retrieved July 18, 2010.
- "Batman – Worldwide (Unadjusted) & Batman: Mask of the Phantasm". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=batman.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- "The Chronicles of Narnia – Worldwide (Unadjusted)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=chroniclesofnarnia.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- "The Fast and the Furious – Worldwide (Unadjusted)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=fastandthefurious.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- "Harry Potter – Worldwide (Unadjusted)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=harrypotter.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- "Ice Age – Worldwide (Unadjusted)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=iceage.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- "Indiana Jones – Worldwide (Unadjusted)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=indianajones.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- James Bond
- "Box Office History for James Bond Movies". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/series/JamesBond.php. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- "Casino Royale (1967)". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1967/0CARO.php. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- "Jurassic Park – Worldwide (Unadjusted)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=jurassicpark.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- "The Lord of the Rings – Worldwide (Unadjusted) & The Lord of the Rings (1978)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=lordoftherings.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- "Avengers (Marvel Cinematic Universe) – Worldwide (Unadjusted)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=avengers.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- "The Matrix – Worldwide (Unadjusted)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=matrix.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- "Mission: Impossible – Worldwide (Unadjusted)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=missionimpossible.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- "Pirates of the Caribbean – Worldwide (Unadjusted)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=piratesofthecaribbean.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- "Shrek – Worldwide (Unadjusted)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=shrek.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- "Spider-Man – Worldwide (Unadjusted)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=spiderman.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- Star Wars
- "A New Hope". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=starwars4.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- "The Empire Strikes Back". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=starwars5.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- "Return of the Jedi". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=starwars6.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- "The Phantom Menace". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=starwars.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- "Attack of the Clones". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=starwars2.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- "Revenge of the Sith". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=starwars3.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- "The Clone Wars". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=starwarsclonewars.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- Toy Story
- "Toy Story – Worldwide (Unadjusted)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=toystory.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- "Toy Story 2 (3D)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=toystory2(3d).htm. Retrieved December 4, 2010.
- "Transformers – Worldwide (Unadjusted)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=transformers.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- The Twilight Saga
- "Twilight – Worldwide (Unadjusted)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=twilight.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- "Twilight/New Moon Combo (one-night-only)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=twilightnewmooncombo.htm. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
- "X-Men – Worldwide (Unadjusted)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=xmen.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
External links
- All Time Worldwide Box Office Grosses at Box Office Mojo
- All-Time Top Grossing Movies Worldwide at The Numbers
- All-Time Box Office: World-wide at Internet Movie Database
- Box-Office Top 100 Films of All-Time at Filmsite.org
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